Analysis of Soil Penetration Resistance in Coffee Plantation Agroecosystems in Bangelan, Malang, East Java

Agriculture land shows soil compaction problems due to long-term agricultural cultivation activities. Soil indicator can be seen from the value of penetration resistance at different depths (0 - 60 cm). This research aimed determine coffee plantation ages with and analyze relationship between physical characteristics productivity. The survey activities include observation minipits, measuring 0-20 cm, 20-40 40-60 cm using a hand penetrometer, sampling. results showed that each LU depth suggested variation were categorized into moderate high classes (1.34 MPa 3.35 MPa). characteristics, such as aggregate stability, water content, bulk density, porosity, silt clay significantly correlate resistance. However, has negative correlation (at 0-60 cm) significant average productivity plantations (r=-0.5936**). Therefore, increased decreased root growth, decreasing plant